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  • Comparison of Out-of-Plane Reinforced Masonry Wall Design Provisions

    Comparison of Out-of-Plane Reinforced Masonry Wall Design Provisions

    $25.00 (PDF)

    Heather Sustersic, David Stubbs, Russ Peterson, Richard M. Bennett, Clayton Pettit, Bart Flisak, Ece Erdogmus, Jason Thompson, Semsi Coskun, Bennett Banting, Carlos Cruz-Noguez

    TMS Journal Volume 42, December 31, 2024

    Abstract

    As part of a larger project jointly sponsored by the National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA) Foundation, Canadian Concrete Masonry Producers Association (CCMPA), Canada Masonry Design Centre (CMDC) and Canadian Standards Association (CSA), a team of engineers and researchers from U.S. and Canada worked together to examine the key differences and similarities between the design provisions for reinforced masonry walls subject to out-of-plane (OOP) and axial loads. The scope was limited to the strength design provisions of TMS 402-16 and the limit state design provisions of CSA S304-14 masonry design standards. Several parametric studies were conducted to quantify the comparisons, as well as to identify possible limitations within each code. These studies explored factors that directly impact the calculation of combined flexural and axial capacity, wall stiffness, second-order moments, and shear capacity of the masonry walls subjected to OOP loading. Parameters considered include the compressive strength of the masonry assembly, wall geometry, as well as the size, strength and spacing of the steel reinforcement. In general, it was found that the Canadian provisions are more conservative than those in the U.S. The paper also provides a list of areas of further research or code revisions that should be considered in the future. It is the team’s goal to propose improvements to both codes as a result of this work.

    Keywords: Flexure, Axial Capacity, Out-of-Plane Resistance of Walls, Reinforced Masonry Walls, Strength Design, TMS 402, CSA S304

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  • Comparison of Reinforced Masonry Shear Wall and Seismic Design Provisions

    Comparison of Reinforced Masonry Shear Wall and Seismic Design Provisions

    $25.00 (PDF)

    Authors: Ece Erdogmus, Carlos Cruz-Noguez, Phillipe Ledent, Lane Jobe, Kevin Hughes, Bennett Banting, Jason Thompson

    TMS Journal Volume 42, December 31, 2024

    Abstract

    As part of a larger project titled, CANUS: Harmonization of Canadian and American Masonry Structures Design Standards Project, in this paper, the design provisions in TMS 402-16 and CSA S304-14 are compared for reinforced concrete masonry shear walls subject to in-plane forces. The scope of the work covers in-plane bending and axial force interactions, shear capacity calculations, and seismic provisions for fully grouted reinforced concrete masonry shear walls. Seven parametric studies and two case studies are utilized to quantify the impact of some of the differences. The parametric studies include exploration of the effects of the wall aspect ratio, compressive strength of masonry, maximum reinforcement limitations and ductility requirements, material or capacity reduction factors, maximum compressive strain, and the artificial moment arm reduction considerations, as well as seismic wall categories and prescriptive seismic detailing requirements. The authors find that in most cases, the Canadian approach is more conservative than the U.S. The main contributor to this discrepancy is a large difference in the typical masonry compressive strength (f’m) values used in Canada and the U.S. By contrast, the maximum reinforcement ratio combined with a lower maximum strain in U.S. design can limit the height of reinforced masonry walls, especially in high seismic areas. The main product of this project is a list of potential future research studies for the resolution of some of the issues highlighted in this paper that can help improve and harmonize both countries’ masonry design provisions.

    Keywords: Reinforced masonry shear walls, TMS 402, CSA S304, In-plane behavior of masonry shear walls, Seismic design of shear walls

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  • Masonry Designers' Guide – 2022 Subscription (Protected Download)

    Masonry Designers’ Guide – 2022 Subscription (Protected Download)

    $220.00 for 1 year

    The Masonry Designers’ Guide – 2022 (MDG-2022) is a valuable reference for engineers, contractors, architects, inspectors, building code authorities, and educators. Initial chapters address materials, testing, quality assurance, quality control, and construction methods with reference to specific provisions of the 2022 TMS 402 Code and TMS 602 Specification. Subsequent chapters illustrate fundamental design concepts and demonstrate how to apply Code provisions to structural design of common masonry members. The MDG-2022 also includes discussion on masonry provisions in the 2024 International Building Code (IBC) and its examples are based on ASCE /SEI 7-22.

    More than 150 design examples included discuss concrete and clay masonry, autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry, prestressed masonry, glass unit masonry and more. The final three chapters of the book include 60+ comprehensive design examples for three common masonry buildings (Chapters 19-21).

    Brand new examples added to this edition deal with GFRP reinforced masonry, veneer, anchor bolts, and more. Read more about the examples and view sample pages at the bottom of this page.

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  • TMS Responds, Vol. 22, No. 1

    TMS Responds, Vol. 22, No. 1

    $10.00 (PDF)

    Embodied Carbon and Whole Life Carbon in Masonry Design

    Discover practical strategies for reducing the carbon footprint of masonry buildings in this volume of TMS Responds. Prepared by The Masonry Society’s Building Performance Committee, this technical Q&A explains embodied vs. operational carbon, highlights efficient design methods, and explores innovative materials and manufacturing practices that support sustainable construction.

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